Casting mold



my 12, 193g Y c. D. PETTIS 1,866,599

CASTING MOLD Filed April 19, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet l f/@/ @faQ-5%@ July12, 1932. Ac. D. PETTls 1,866,599

CASTING MOLD I Filed Apr-i1 19, 192s 4 sheets-sheetY 2' 2.2 v di@ f EWI/23 2/0 21 /1 l/ \\25 C. D. PETTIS July 12, 1932.

CASTING MOLD Filed April 19, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 'MALLA u July 12,1932. C. D. PETTIS 1,866,599

' CASTING MOLD I Filed April 19, 1923 -4 Sheets-Sheet 4 26@ wwf l? 26 y?PatentedJuly 12, v1932 UNITED) 'STATES mi# i intens ENT ortica CLIFTON nPn'r'rrson Nnw Yonx, N. Y.

CASTING MOLD Applicationrlekd April 19,

rlhis inventionl relates to molds for the casting of metal but moreparticularly'to lfi that class of casting molds designed to berepeatedly usedvin the casting operation .and

commonly designatedas .permanent molds.

The primary object of the present inven- Ytion is to provide a mold ofthe type described theremoval of the casting from the mo1d,'to

protect the refractory blocks ofthe molding receptacle, and to providean improvedform of refractory block. f I

The many other objects and advantages of my invention will be betterunderstoodby reference to the followingspecication when consideredy inconnection with'the 'accom-Y panying drawings.

While I'have chosen 'to illustrate the-principles of myinven'tion in amold designed particularly for the casting of railway brake shoes, itwill bereadily appreciated that the i same are equally; applicable tomolds for casting any .other articles. Referring; to the drawings Fig. lis a side elevation of a mold for cast'- inggfbra'ke shoes, the partsvbeing in Closed position. o'

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the mold shown in Fis-,121..

Fig. 3 is the same as Fig. l, end elevation. 'Fig 4 is a .transversevertical section on the lineal- 4 ofFig. 2.

vFig.5is a transversevertical section onthe line 5 5 of Fig-2.

Fig. 6 isa verticalllongitudinal section on thefline 6 6 of Fig. 2. Y

Fig'. 7 is the same as Fig. 6, with theAk ends in partially openedposition andthe cope removed. f

Figs. Sand 9 are respectively vdetail side elevation and plan views ofone ofthe side sections of the flash.V

ieee-. serial N. 633,131.

Fig. l0 isV an enlargedl view ofia portion vof .the mold as shown inFig. 6,V illustrating the methodof incorporating a ductilel met-al reinforcing'back inthe lbrake shoe casting.y

Fig. ll is a'detail bottomvpl'an view of a reinforcing back for a brake`shoe, illus-V trating method of holdingji-n mold,` and ,'Fig. 12 is' anenlarged perspective view of e a form of flask section." l .y

' ln the drawings I have illustratedav casting mold embodying y theprinciples of'- my invention and particularly adapted for'cast# 'f ingrailway 'Y brake shoes'. ipThis-moldl is mounted upon a baseA A; of castmetal. and comprises'a plurality of separable sections or membersforming aiiask .or holder, each the kmolding receptacle. j To this end,`the base Ais provided withy upstanding lugs2G substantially centrallylocated,. through which lugs passes a pivot rod `2l, thisrodl passingalsov through lugs 22 depending from the lbottomof the side members B;-BV` of the mold.'` Upon vthe base 'Aare' also provided opposingpairs'of upstanding` lugsv 23 refractory block'for useinthe .Y

. v, GG

vmember `carrying a correspondingvopartof through which pass parallelrods'24f.'4 These e rodsflikefwise vpass through dependingv lugs 25 onthe bottom of the end`members C. C and form the pivotal connectionbetween these membersY and the baselA.'l A cope D is adapted to rest onlthe side and; end members when these members; are in closed posil n tionandwith them form the complete mold.

VIn the present embodiment of mylinvention leach; of the members. Bp C.'and D uin-V cludes a hollow metal casting formin" the flaslrjsection,the outer walls `thereof reing` preferably .perforated as 'at 26' toprovide ventilation. 'These sections 'areV also Vpreferablyfslo'tted 'asat 27 to Apermit e'xpansionof the metal walls duringy the castingoperation andA thus eliminate dangerfof breakage or distortion.v Thenumber and 'arrangenrent of -these slots` will materially be Vvaried Vindifferent designs and sizesof moldbut" IY have found the staggeredarrangement shown in'Figs. 8 and 9 to be advantageous'. The slots in thepresent" embodiment communi-y cate with the ventilation openings 26V andact against the upper lugs 38 and cause the thus these openings act withthe slots to permit the expansion of the metal. hambers,

as 27 in the members B, C and D, permit free circulation of the airabout the molding receptacle, to be presently described.

The molding receptacle is preferably formed of some highly refractorymaterial such as carborundum that may be molded in' the form of yblocksand that will offer greatV resistance to the intense heat of the moltenmetal. In the preferredjembodiment of the invention, the walls of themolding receptacle are formed in sections, each substantially composedof a plurality of these blocks of refractory material that are of suchform that they can be readily assembled in the several sections ormembers composing the flask or holder. Thus, the side sections of themolding receptacle are shown as` comprisingV a series of blocks E. Ribs,as 28, on the bottom walls 29 of the side members fit withincorresponding grooves in the blocks and properly position these blocks.These ribs preferably run longitudinally of the flask'sections andtransversely of the blocks.

i secured toj the side*v members by screws 31 v or. other suitablemeans.

An upstanding flange, asat 32, may be, provided along the inner edgeofthe bottomjwall 29 of each side member to contact with the corresponding flange on the oppositeV side member when these members are inclosedposition (Figs. 4 and 5). Such flanges are advantageous as theyprotect the refractory blocks. These flanges are preferably slotted inthe same manner as the other portions of the flaskk and for thesamereason. The pivot rod 21 is preferably located with its axislin theplane of the inner contacting faces of the sides for the purpose whichwill be presently described. y l Y A pair of spaced upstandinglugs 33 isprovided on the base plate on each side of the flask and'these form thesupports for pivot rods 34. On each Vof theserods is revolubly mountedasleeve 35 provided with a pair of eccentrically mounted rollers orvcams 36 formed integral therewith or` at-k tached thereto. An operatinglever 37 is likewise formed on or connected tothe sleeve as indicated.Each of the rollers or cams 36 acts between a pair of'outwardlyprojecting lugs 38 on the outer wall of the side members of theflask.Vhen the levers 37 are raised the rollers or cams on their respectivesleeves swing outwardly. This construction is very advantageous as itprovides a smooth and positive opening and closing of the flask. Alsothe conformation of therollers or cams causes the side to be rigidlyclamped in closed position when the levers are fully raised.

The lugs 22 on the side members of the flask areY each preferablyprovided with a stop shoulder 40 acting against the face of the base Ato prevent either side swinging beyond the center in its closingmovement.

The mold operating mechanism disclosed herein is shown and claimed ,inmy United States Patent No. 1,542,642 granted J une 16, 1925.

Each of the end members C of the mold in the present embodimentcomprises. a chambered andvventilated flask section inwhich are mounteda set of refractory blocks These blocks are preferably'` spacedl for thepurpose described in connection with .the

corresponding blocks in the side members of themold. The blocks arealigned by the rib 52 on the bottom plate 53 and frictionally secured inplace by a lug or guard plate 54 which is also preferablyprovided with arib similar to the rib 52. The end members are moved into open Vorclosed position and clamped in the same manner as the side members'evandoperating levers 55 arev provided for that purpose. Each of the sideportions 1" 56 of the end members of the flask preferably projectsbeyondthe face of the blocks F and is adapted to contact with acorresponding shoulder. 57 on the side section B when the end membersare moved to closed position.

The base wall 58 similarly contacts with the shoulder 59 onthe sides.These shoulders form the stops to limit the closing movement l ofthe endmembers so that the refractory blocksare fully protected from injurywhich might result if the closing movement was halted by the contactingof the opposing blocks.

When the side and end members forming the rdrag of the mold have beenmoved to closed position in the order named, the cope y D is lower-edinto position and rests upon them. This copefin Vthe present embodimentcomprises'a chambered and'ventilated flask section or holder in whichare mounted a set ofv refractory VYblocks G forming the cope section ofthe molding receptacle. Theform o f these blocks and the method ofmounting the same in the flask section is best shown in Fig. V4.; An`opening 7l is formed in the top of the cope sectionv of the flask toadmit the blocks and this is closed by a key'or guard plate72 whichholds the blocks G in position. These blocks are cut away at 73 to fitcorre sponding corners formedby thebase wall ceA projecting therefrom. YDependingv ribs 76 are formed on the under side of the plate 72tocontact with the topof the vblocks and hold these blocks iirmlyagainstthe base wall of thefflask: The plate 72 is heldin place by screws 77 orother suitable means, The blocks located beneath the lugs78'- whichre`ceive the side screws'are preferablyinserted on either side of the Vlugsand vthen moved longitudinally of the cope into position. An opening 7 9is formedin the plate 72 to admitl a core or plug 8O acting as a pouringgate. While this mightbe` formed iny a variety of ways, I have foundthat hard or burnt sand isV advantageous, though green sand is en'-tirely satisfactory. The opening 79 is surrounded by a depending iangeor wall 81 sand core is inserted in the space thus provided from theunderside of the cope. The passage 82 through the core or plug 8()admits the molten metal to the molding chamber.

The end blocks are provided with cavities 83 to receive the metal forthe endV lugs of the brake shoe. A cavity 84 for the center lug of thebrake shoe is provided in the center blocks. It will be noted that inthe particular embodiment shown, the parting line of the mold is fiatand the arch for the top of the Ymolding chamber is providedV by thebottom face of the blocks G. Similarly the com'- bined bottom and sidewall of the molding chamber is provided bythe blocks E. The cope isprovided with suitable handles as 85.

The depending flanges 7 5'vonY the-base wallV fit the opening in thetopof the side sections Of the flask and not .only materially 0assist inguiding the cope into position Ybiltirmly hold it in this positionduringthe casting operation. These flanges further protect therefractory blocks when Vthe cope is being placed in position and at nopoint istherey a rubbing or scraping of the blocks during the closing ofthe mold. rifhis is an important feature. Depending lugs 86 arekpreferably provided upon the side edges of the'copeto ,projectldownwardly against theupper portion of the side members of theii'aslrandthus form an additional lock for these members during thecasting operation. `Similar lugs might be used upon the ends of the copetoengage the end members of the flask but it has been found best to usesuch lugs only upon' the sides in order to enable' the end members to beswung outwardly before the cope is re.V

tion.

In certain types of brake shoe, a ductil'e metal reinforcing plate isincorporated 1n moved at the completion of the casting operathe casting.In my improved'mold I have `accomplished this byjsecuring the plate, as

89, to therunderv sideV of the cope by means of wires, as 90jand 91(Figs. 10 and 11). The wire 90 in the present embodiment is embedded inthe'core 80. The wire 91 is similarly embedded' in a sand -core 91 in acavity 92 provided for the purpose in oneV of the l blocks Gr. Thiscavity 92 preferably commiuiicates with one of the openings 29 in thecopevr wall.` The free ends of the wire .are

passed through the usual openings 93 in the plate 89 and bent outwardlybeneath the Y i under face thereof, as indicated in Figrll. Themoltenmetal enters the molding receptacle from the,v pouring gate `through onefof vided and the metal of the casting flows into `the space lug. f vextending practically through the cope. The

97 and embeds theductilefmetal In order to facilitate the cooling of therefractory block I' have found it, advantageous-to provide an airpassage, as 98, (Fig shown in the assembled mold,.these passages were`not illustrated as it was believed' that their inclusion would tend toconfuse the V12) through these blocks. In the blocks l construction butit should be clearly understood that either the perforated or'solid.block may be used. The air passages-inthelbloclrs of a'particularsection of the lmold are pref`V erably in registration and thus `formagconv' tinuous passage through'the section'iv Inlpreparing thesmold toreceive afpouri ing of molten metal, I find 1t adnfantageousy to firstswing the side" sections `of themold to' closed position, then swing theend members, 1J- i and-finally lower thefcope into position.' ThecoresjSO and 91 are incorporated inthe cope previous to assembly'orclosing of the mold.

The reinforcing back, if one ifs to be used, is

also previously attached tothe cope. vWhen f the sides are Ibroughttogether in the initial step themetall plates32'come into Contact, ashas been explained. Similarly,when the ends are moved into `Contactwiththesid'es,vv

the metal parts 56 and 57ers the contacting parts. `When the cope islowered into posi'- tion the iianges 75slide on the Vkeyplate 80. 'i

`It will thus'bev obviouslthat in the closing yof the mold'there is norubbing or slinki'ngof refractories.v This is vj particularly advantaegranular-compochipV when subgeous as these blocks are'of sition andliable to break or jected to rubbing or impact.

In the opening of the mold to permitl the 1 removal ofthe.casting,I:havefound it adf-` Y. vantageous to first open or swing outwardly- Vtheends, then lift offl the cope, and finally swing the sides.: This'outward movement of the sides is insufficient to permit the casting tofall between their inner` edges or faces but adequate' to separate theside walls Yof Y the molding receptacle from' the-casting and permit thelatter to be convenientlyremoved. f

By having the airis of the pivot Vrod 21 in the plane of the inner-.orcontactingfacesofthe my improved mold is the speed with WhichA it may beoperated. It has been found in practice thatthe casting will havesufiiciently hardened upon its outer surface to permit it to beWithdrawn from the mold in from one to three minutes, depending upon thesize of the casting. I find/it advantageous to open the end members ineven less time and thus -facilitate the cooling of the casting. As soonas a' casting has been lifted from-thel mold, the mold maybe againclosed and a new casting poured. Successive molding` operations can Ycontinue in this manner for an'indefinite period. The productivity ofsuch a mold V.Will be readily appreciated. The simplicity of operationis another importamt` feature,

I am aware that the construction and ar rangement of parts of n yimproved mold may beV very considerably varied .vithout departing fromthe spirit of my invention and I consider myself entitled to make allsuch as fairly fall Within the scope of the following claims. .i I claimas my invention: k

1. In a casting mold, a flask comprising pivotally mounted side and endmembers, va cope separate from said members and adapted to rest thereonwhen sait. members are in closed position, and molding receptacle sec#tions carried byleach of said members Vand said cope, certain of saidsections comprising a plurality of blocks secured together.

2. In a casting mold, the combination with .a base of ravflaskcomprising'side and end members pivotally mounted on Vsaid base, a cope.separate from said members and adapted to rest thereon when said membersare in closed position, and molding receptacle sections on said cope andon each of said members, certain ofv said sections comprising aplurality of blocks secured together,

3; In a casting mold, the combination with a base of a flask comprisingoppositely disposed side members pivotally mounted on said base,loppositely disposed Aend members pivotallyrmounted on said base, a copeadaptedV to rest upon said members when said members are in closedlposition, and molding receptacle sections mounted on said cope and onsaid members, certain of said Vsections comprising a plurality of blocksheld together by the correspondin of the flask. Y Y

4. In a casting mold, the combination with a base offa flask-comprisinga pair of members 0' section pivotallymounted on said base and formingthe sides and bottom of the flask,a pair of end vmembers pivotallymounted on said base and co-operating with the first mentionedb members,and a cope adapted to restvupon said members When said members are inclosed position. v V f- 5. In a casting mold, a sectionalflaskscomprising a pair of relatively movable members forming the sidesand bottom of the flaskfa pair .of end members co-operating with thefirst mentioned members, and a cope adapted to rest upon said membersWhen said members are in closed position.

6. In a casting mold, a flask comprising a pair of relatively movablemembers forming the sides and bottom of t-he flask, a pair ofrelatively'movable members co-opcrating with the first mentionedmembers, and a cope adapted to lit upon said members when said membersare inclosed position.

7. In-a casting mold, a flask comprising movable side and end members, acope sep-V arate from said members and adapted to rest thereon, andmolding receptacle sections mountedron said cope and on said members,each of said sections including a plurality of blocks of refractorymaterial.

, 8. In a casting mold, a flask having its Walls provided with aplurality of slits eX- tending therethrough fork only partially dividingthe flask, and a molding receptacle supported Within said f flask andprovided with a plurality of slits communicating With the slits in theflask, the slits in said flask and said receptacle permitting theexpansionof the Wallsand the ventingof the gases.VY

9.' In a casting mold, a flask having its Walls provided with a'plurality of slits extending therethrough to permit theexpansionthereof, and a molding receptacle supported Within said'flaskand likewise having its Walls provided VWith a plurality of' slotsextending tlerethrough to permit the expansion thereo 10. In acastingmold, a metal flask having y its Walls formed in sections and'each ofsaid sections being provided With one or more slotsextending from anedge thereof to permit the expansionof the metal of the section.

1l.4 A casting mold comprising a base, end members, side memberspivotally supported on said base, and means including a cam'for movingeach of said side members to and from closed' position. v

12. YA casting mold comprising a base, side members, end memberspivotally supported on said base, and means including a cam for movingeach of said end-members torand from closed position.:l

13. A casting mold comprising a members and side members pivotallyv'supported on said base, and means including a cam for movingy eachk ofsaid members to f-f base, end.

closed position and clamping the members in said position. Y

14. A casting mold comprising a base ,end

members and side members pivotallyl-sup-` ported on said base, andmanually operated means including a cam for positively moving eachl ofsaid members to and from closed position.

15. In a casting mold, a cope comprisingv a metal frame, a moldingreceptacle section vof refractory material carried by said frame,

. means for securing a plate upon the face of saidsection, said meansconsisting of one .orv

more Wires embedded in said section and projecting fromv said face, saidWires being ,adapted to be Withdrawn from the sectionas the cope islifted lat. the completion of the molding operation.

18. VA casting mold comprising a frame, and a molding receptaclesupported therein, said receptacle being formedvof a plurality of blocksof refractory material certain Aof which are provided with an airpassage ex-` tending therethrough, and communicating with thecorresponding passage in the next adjacentv block. Y

19. A casting mold comprising a frame and a sectional molding receptaclesupported therein, each of the sections of said receptacle being formedof a plurality of blocks of Y refractory material provided with an airpassage extending therethrough, the passage in each block registeringwith the corresponding passage in the next block of the same sec- `tionto form a continuous `passage Vthrough the section. Y

20. A' permanent mold for making castings, comprising adrag and a copehaving a mold cavity therein, a preformed non-metallic plug, and meansembedded insaidy plug' for suspending in the mold cavityv parts whichare to become permanently embedded in the casting. j '1 21. A permanentmold for making castings, comprising a drag anda cope having a moldcavity therein, a preformed sand plug, and a Wire embeddedin said sandplug for' suspending in the mold cavity parts which are to becomepermanently embedded in the casting. a L i 22. wA permanent moldforjniaking-V castings, comprising a drag and a cope having a kin thecasting.

mold cavity therein, a preformed sand plug seated in the Walls ofthecope,and ajvvire'embeddedin said core and projecting into said cavityforV suspending 1in said cavity parts Which are to be embedded in thecasting.

234A` permanentA mold for making castings, comprising a frame, -a drag-andfa cope mountedon saidframe, a mold cavity formed in said drag. andvcope, and a sand coreseated entirely in a recess inthe Walls of saidcope for supporting casting. Y

parts to b; .embedded inthe I 2a. A permanent mold for making cast- -Iings, comprising a drag anda cope having a Y mold cavity therein, andbendable Lmeans centeredland seatedrinthe Walls ofsaid; cavity andprojecting therefrom forgsupporting in 'said cavity parts which are tobeembedded inthe'casting. I w n' j e 25.' A permanentV mold formakingcastings, comprising a dragand acope having a mold cavity thereinand an'popening in the Wallsof the cope communicating 'with andsubstantially filling said cavity, and `inea-ns arranged iii saidopening for suspending a reinforcing member Within the mold cavity.

26. A permanentrmoldfor making castings, comprising a drag and a copehaving Y a mold cavitytherein, and an opening in the Walls of--the copecommunicating with said cavity, apreformed core dimensioned to becentered by said opening anda Wire arranged v in said core forsuspending a reinforcing member Within the mold cavity'.

27. A permanent` mold for Vmaking cast-i a mold cavity therein, said'.cope having spaced openings, communicating WithV said cavity, 'cores insaid openings, and Wires embedded.V in said cores for suspending amember Within the mold cavityto be embedded 28.4 A permanentniold :formakingcastings,.comprising a'drag and acopehaving a Y t mold cavityv`therein, said "cope having spaced` openings communicating With saidcavity,cores in -said openings, and means embedded in said cores andprojecting Vinto saidcavity for suspendingla member in theY mold cavityto beenibeddedin the casting.

V29. A permanent-mold for making castings, and comprising a dragLk and acope having a mold cavity therein, said cope having ioo v ings,comprising a drag and a cope rhaving f a recess communicating With themold cavity i and having an opening-1 communicating with said recess, apreformed plug seated in said recess,and Wires embedded 'inth-e plug forvsecuringzin place in the cavity the parts to be embedded inthecastinga,` v i v30. A mold for making brak'e'rshoes and v Vothercastings andembodyinga metal drag.

and a metalcope having a mold cavity` therein, said moldcavity vhaving aWall comprising a plurality lof'refra'ctory sections Ahaving facesexp'sed in the moldfcavity, andfin'- Wardly projecting metal Vmemberslfor protecting the opposing faces ofA certain adjacent sections.- Y. Y,j

3l. A mold for making'brake slices and othercastings and embodyinga'metal drag and a metal cope having a mold cavity ktherein, said moldvcavity having a Wall comprising a plurality of refractorysectionshaving faces exposed in the mold cavity, and rinwardlyprojecting metal members for protecting the opposing faces of` 'certainadjacent sections, the inner. faces ofthe refractory sections beingdisposed substantially ushwith the inner edges of said'members.VV j

Y 32.Y A mold for making brake shoes and other castings andembodying ametal casing having a mold 'cavity therein, said mold cavity having aWall comprising a plurality of refractory sections having faces lexposedin the mold cavity, and metal members intemold Which projects inwardly.to the mold cavity. Y 'Y 34:. A mold for making brake shoes and othercastings,V comprising a metal'drag and a metal cope and having a moldcavity therein, a refractory section disposed in said mold and havingthe face thereof forming a. Wall surface in the mold cavity, certainother facesof the refractory section .being protected'by metal forming aWall surface in the mold cavity.

85. A moldfor-making brake shoes and other castings, comprising a metaldrag and a metal cope and having a mold cavity-:therein, a refractorysection seated in said mold h and having the face thereof forming -aWall surface in the mold cavity, and a rib disposed.V at the partingline bet-Ween'the drag and cop-e to protecta marginal face of saidsection.

36. A mold for making `brake slices and i other castings, comprising aplurality of relatively movable members adapted When assembled toprovide a mold cavity therein, the parting line between'certain of saidmembers being located between ribs formedV on s id members and projecting inwardly tothe mold 37. A mold' for making brakelshoes' and othercastings, comprisin g relatively movable membersl adapted Whenassembledto provide a Vmold cavity therein, refractory material formingYWall surfaces for said mold cavity, and metallic portions protectingcertain marginal portions of said refractory material and formingabutting surfaces between certain of the members at the parting linetherebetween, said metallic portions Yprojecting inwardly to the moldcavity and forming part of the molding surface thereof.

38. A mold for making brake shoes and other castings, and comprising adrag and a cope and having a Amold ,cavity therein, ribs on the drag,and refractorysections in the drag abutting said ribs to form With theribs a composite Wall surface for the mold'cavity.'

39.A permanent mold for making castings, comprising a drag and a copehaving a mold cavity therein, said cope having a recess communicatingWith said cavity, a preformed sand core seated in said recess, and alooped wire embedded in said core and projecting therefrom to enter thecavity for engagement with parts to suspend the parts in the cavityduring the casting operation.

40. A permanent mold for making cast-l` ings, comprising a drag andacope having a mold cavity therein and relatively'movable to permit theinsertion into the cavity of parts to be embeddedin thecasting, saidcope having an opening communicating With vsaid cavity, a sandcoreseated in said opening, and a looped Wire embedded in the sand plugor core and projecting therefrom to enter the cavity for engagement withparts to suspend said parts in the cavity preliminary lto closing themoldand during the casting opera-- tion. Y i

41. A mold for casting a brake shoe, andl comprisinga metal drag and ametal cope having a mold cavity therein, said cope having an openingextending therethrough and communicating With the mold cavity, a sandplug seated in said opening, and means embedded in the plug andprojecting into'thc mold cavity for securing in place in the'cavity theparts to be embedded in the shoe casting.

42. A mold for casting a brake shoe, and comprising Aa metal drag and ametal cope havinga mold cavity therein, sections of refractory materialsupported in said drag and said cope :to form portions of thewalls ofsaid cavity, said cope having an opening extending therethrough andcommunicating With the Vmold cavity, a sand plug` or core seated in'saidopening and forming a part of the top Wall of said cavity, and meanscar.- ried by said plug and projecting into the mold cavityforsecuringinplace in thecavity parts lto be embedded inthe casting.

43. A mold for making castings, comprising a metaldragmember and a metalcope member'having a mold cavity therein, sections ofw permanentrefractory material supportedin each of said members to form portions Ofthevvalls of saidrcavity, one of said members having; van openingthrough the'.

' in the shoe casting.

walls thereof, and means arranged in said opening and extending intosaid cavity for supporting a part within the mold cavity to be embeddedin the casting.

44. In a casting mold, a cope comprising a metal frame, a permanentmolding receptacle section mounted in said frame, and means in one ofthe sections and projecting into the receptacle for attaching upon `theface of said section a member to be incorporated in the casting. Y

45. Ina casting mold, a cope comprising a metal frame, a permanentVmolding receptacle section mounted in said frame, and means forattaching upon the face of said section a member to be incorporated inthe casting, said means comprising one or more members seated in thewalls of said cope and projecting therefrom into the mold cavity. i

46. A mold for casting a brake shoe, and comprising a metal drag and avmet-al cop having a mold cavity therein, said cope having an openingcommunicating with the mold cavity, a sand plug seatedin said openg, andsupporting means carried bysaid plug and projecting into said moldcavity and adapted'to be engaged with a reinforcing back to be embeddedin the shoe casting ing the casting operation. Y

' 47. A mold for casting a brake slice, and comprising a metal drag anda metal cope having a mold'cavity therein, said cope having an openingextending therethrough to support said back in the mold cavity duri andcommunicating with the mold cavity,

a sand plug seated in said opening, and wire means tightly carried bythe plug andprojecting into the mold cavity for'securing in place in thecavity the parts tobe embedded 48. In a casting mold, a flask having itswalls provided with a plurality of slits'eX- tending only partiallythrough an entire dimension of the ask and dividing the saine' into aplurality of relatively movable parts, and means in said flask forming amolding surface.

49. A permanent mold for making castings, and comprising a drag and acope having a mold cavity therein, said cope having a recesscommunicating with the mold cavity and having an opening communicatingwith said recess, a porous plug seated in said recess, and wire meansembedded in the .porous plug for securing in place in the cavity theparts to be embedded inthe casting. Y, Y Y ,i 50. A mold comprising arefractory material forming a inold cavity, `openable me-V V tallicmembers Vcarrying said material, andv metallic Hanges forming protectingmeans on said members at their interengaging portions certain ofsaidianges extending toV the molding face ofthe mold cavity.

51. A moldcomprising a refractory terial forming a mold cavityl,openable metallic members carrying saidf material, and

`metallicfianges of substantial dimensions.

forming protecting meanson saidi members for said refractory materialdefining the parting line between. the members. cer tain of said flangesextending tothe mold recess, a. sand plug seated in salidi recess, and

means embedded inthe sand plugand reinov-` able therewith for securinginplace in the;

recess communicating with the mold cavity, avporous plug adapted to beinserted in `said recess from the inner side of the cope and? to beseated in said recess and means embedded cavity the parts Yto beembedded in the casting a mold cavity therein, said cope having aV ceyin said sand plug and removable therewithV for securing in l to beembedded in the casting.

5%. A mold for making'brake shoes and othercastings, comprisingametal'drag member and a metal cope memberand having a ,mold` cavitytherein, a refractory vsection seated in one of said members and havinga face thereof'v forming fa wall surface of the mold cavity, and a ribformed integrally with the metal of said memberand disposed. at theparting line of said member to protect Yan place in the cavity the partsedge of said face forming awall surfacel ofk the mold cavity. Y y i i55. vA mold for making brake shoes and other castings, comprising ametal drag member and a metal cope member and having ,a

mold cavity therein, one of said members having an undercut recesstherein, and a refractoryv section disposed in said recess and. having aface thereof forming a wall'surface Vof the mold cavity. .y Y Y L V 56.A mold for making "brake shoes and other castings,comprising a metaldrag mem-' berend a. .metal cope member 'and having a mold cavityVtherein, one of said members having an undercut recess therein, and areviic fractory section disposed in said recess and having a facethereof forming awa-ll surface of the mold cavity, the metal adjoiningthe marginal edges ofvsaid face being disposed substantially iiush withsaid face.

57. A moldjfor making brake shoes and other castings, comprising a metaldrag and aY metal cope and having a mold cavitythere in, the partingline between the drag and cope beinglocated between relatively thin ribson i the drag' and cope.

1 5e. iii meid for making brake shoes miVv othercastings, comprisingametal drag and a metal cope and having a mold cavity therein, recesses1n said drag and cope, refractory sections disposed in said recesses toformvifall surfaces for the mold cavity,fand relatively thin metal ribson the drag and cope to protect the marginal edges of said refractorysections 59. A mold for making brake shoes and other` castings,comprising a drag and a cope Vand having a mold cavity. therein,refractory material forming Wall surfaces for said mold cavity, and thinribs protecting the marginal edges of said refractory material andlforming abutting surfaces between the dragand cope at -tlie parting'line`therebetween.

CLIFTON D. PETTIS.

